A researcher wishes to produce a genetically modified bacterium that expresses the green fluorescent protein (GFP) from the jellyfish Aequorea victoria. The researcher starts with a sample of jellyfish genomic DNA and uses the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to amplify the GFP gene. The amplified gene is then inserted into a plasmid vector, and the recombinant plasmid is transformed into E. coli bacteria. After transformation, the researcher digests the purified recombinant plasmid with a restriction endonuclease and runs the resulting fragments on an agarose gel. The table below shows the positions of the visible bands on the gel, with fragment lengths in base pairs (bp).
| Band | Fragment length (bp) |
|---|---|
| 1 | 4000 |
| 2 | 700 |
Outline the steps the researcher would take to produce the recombinant bacterium and confirm expression of the GFP gene. In your answer, you should include the roles of restriction endonucleases, DNA ligase, DNA polymerase (including Taq polymerase), and, if applicable, reverse transcriptase. Explain why a promoter must be transferred with the gene and how gel electrophoresis and the data in the table help confirm the construction of the recombinant plasmid. Also describe how the researcher can confirm that the bacteria are expressing the GFP gene.