A patient receives a kidney transplant from an unrelated donor. The transplanted kidney carries cell surface antigens that are different from the patient's own antigens. Explain how the immune system distinguishes between self and non-self antigens, and describe the sequence of events during the primary immune response against the transplanted kidney. In your answer, include the roles of macrophages, T-helper cells, T-killer cells, B-lymphocytes, plasma cells, and memory cells, and explain how memory cells contribute to long-term immunity.
CAIE A Level Biology 9700 · Immunity
Immunity: explain question
Explain6 marksChallenge
How this question is marked
6 marks, so the mark scheme is looking for about 6 separate creditworthy points. Making the same point twice in different words earns it once.
Explain means: Give the reasons or the mechanism: why or how something happens. Link each point to the next with because, so or which means. A list of facts with no links usually loses the reasoning marks.
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