Describe5 marksChallenge
A short gene in a eukaryotic cell has the following DNA coding strand sequence (5' to 3'):
ATG GCT TAC GGA TAA
The mRNA transcribed from this gene is:
AUG GCU UAC GGA UAA
You are provided with a partial mRNA codon table (mRNA codons and their corresponding amino acids):
| mRNA Codon | Amino Acid |
|---|---|
| AUG | Met |
| GCU | Ala |
| UAC | Tyr |
| GGA | Gly |
| UAA | Stop |
| AAC | Asn |
Describe the process by which this mRNA sequence is translated into a polypeptide. In your answer, explain the roles of mRNA, tRNA, codons, anticodons, and ribosomes. Then, predict how a substitution mutation that changes the seventh nucleotide in the DNA coding strand from T to A would affect the polypeptide produced.