Discuss4 marksStandard
The Mountain Toad (Bufo montanus) is a species endemic to a high-altitude region. Conservationists have recorded a rapid population decline over the past 20 years. The table below shows estimated population sizes and key factors affecting the toad.
| Year | Estimated population | Main threats identified |
|---|---|---|
| 2003 | 25,000 | - |
| 2010 | 18,000 | Invasive frog species (Rana invasa) competes for food and breeding sites |
| 2018 | 7,000 | Competition intensifies; reduced rainfall (climate change) dries up breeding ponds |
| 2023 | 2,500 | Small population, isolated ponds; invasive frog further spreads |
Discuss the factors that could lead to the extinction of the Mountain Toad and evaluate the potential role of conservation strategies, including captive breeding and assisted reproduction, in preventing its extinction.