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A student investigates the effect of pH on the activity of two different enzymes, A and B, using buffer solutions to maintain each pH. Table 1 shows the relative activity of each enzyme at various pH values.
| pH | Relative activity of enzyme A (%) | Relative activity of enzyme B (%) |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 0 | 10 |
| 2 | 0 | 90 |
| 3 | 5 | 50 |
| 4 | 20 | 20 |
| 5 | 50 | 5 |
| 6 | 80 | 0 |
| 7 | 100 | 0 |
| 8 | 90 | 0 |
| 9 | 60 | 0 |
| 10 | 20 | 0 |
| 11 | 5 | 0 |
| 12 | 0 | 0 |
(a) Compare the activities of enzyme A and enzyme B at different pH values. (b) Explain the observed differences in terms of their active sites and the environments in which they normally function. (c) Explain why the use of buffer solutions is important in this investigation.