CAIE A Level Biology 9700 · Immunity
Outline how a vaccine containing inactivated bacterial toxins (toxoids) provides long-term immunity against the pathogen. In your answer, refer to the molecular structure of antibodies, the production of monoclonal antibodies against the same toxin, and explain why monoclonal antibodies do not confer long-term protection, distinguishing between the types of immunity involved.
6 marks, so the mark scheme is looking for about 6 separate creditworthy points. Making the same point twice in different words earns it once.
Outline means: Give the main points briefly. Less detail than describe, but every key step has to be there. One short line per step, in order. The marks are for coverage, not depth.
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