A student used paper chromatography to separate the photosynthetic pigments from a leaf extract. The solvent front moved 15.0 cm from the origin. The distances moved by the four main pigments were:
- Carotene: 14.5 cm
- Xanthophyll: 12.0 cm
- Chlorophyll a: 10.5 cm
- Chlorophyll b: 8.0 cm
Outline how the Rf values for these pigments can be calculated. Explain what the different Rf values indicate about the properties of each pigment and briefly state the role of these pigments in photosynthesis.