The standard enthalpy change of formation of ethanol, ΔHf∘[CX2HX5OH(l)], cannot be measured directly by calorimetry. The following standard enthalpy changes of combustion, ΔHc∘, are known:
Describe how Hess's law can be applied to determine ΔHf∘[CX2HX5OH(l)]. Include in your description how the energy cycle is constructed and the steps used to combine the data.
How this question is marked
7 marks, so the mark scheme is looking for about 7 separate creditworthy points. Making the same point twice in different words earns it once.
Describe means: Say what happens or what something is like, in order and with detail. You are not being asked why. If there is data, quote it: name the trend, then give figures with units at the points where it changes.
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