In the Contact process, is used as a catalyst for the oxidation of to .
(a) State the two features of a transition element that allow it to behave as a catalyst.
(b) The vanadium in is in oxidation state +5. During the catalytic cycle it is reduced to and then re-oxidised back to . Explain, in terms of oxidation states, why this allows vanadium to act as a catalyst.
(c) Explain why transition elements form complex ions, referring to the electronic structure of the metal ion.