CAIE A Level Chemistry 9701 · Chemical energetics

Chemical energetics: explain question

Explain4 marksStandard

When NaX2SOX4\ce{Na2SO4} dissolves in water, the enthalpy change of solution, ΔHextsol\Delta H_ ext{sol}, is −2.4 kJ mol−1-2.4\,\text{kJ}\,\text{mol}^{-1}. The lattice energy of NaX2SOX4\ce{Na2SO4} is +215 kJ mol−1+215\,\text{kJ}\,\text{mol}^{-1}. A student writes an energy cycle linking ΔHextsol\Delta H_ ext{sol}, lattice energy and the enthalpy changes of hydration of the ions. Explain what is meant by the enthalpy change of hydration, ΔHexthyd\Delta H_ ext{hyd}, and state whether the hydration of the ions in this example releases or absorbs energy. Explain, in terms of the energy cycle, how the numerical value of the enthalpy change of solution is related to the lattice energy and the enthalpy changes of hydration.

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