CAIE A Level Chemistry 9701 · Chemical energetics

Chemical energetics: describe question

Describe7 marksChallenge

The enthalpy change of hydration, ΔHhyd\Delta H_{\text{hyd}}, is defined as the enthalpy change when one mole of gaseous ions dissolves in water to form an infinitely dilute solution.

(a) Describe how the charge and the radius of an ion each affect the value of ΔHhyd\Delta H_{\text{hyd}}.

(b) For the ionic compound KCl\ce{KCl}, the lattice energy ΔHlat\Delta H_{\text{lat}} is −701 kJ mol−1-701\ \text{kJ mol}^{-1} and the enthalpy change of solution ΔHsol\Delta H_{\text{sol}} is +17 kJ mol−1+17\ \text{kJ mol}^{-1}. Describe an energy cycle that relates ΔHsol\Delta H_{\text{sol}}, ΔHlat\Delta H_{\text{lat}}, and the enthalpy changes of hydration of KX+\ce{K^+} and ClX−\ce{Cl^-} ions. Use the cycle to explain why the enthalpy change of solution has a positive value.

(c) Predict, with a reason, whether ΔHhyd\Delta H_{\text{hyd}} for CaX2+\ce{Ca^{2+}} is more exothermic or less exothermic than that for KX+\ce{K^+}.

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7 marks, so the mark scheme is looking for about 7 separate creditworthy points. Making the same point twice in different words earns it once.

Describe means: Say what happens or what something is like, in order and with detail. You are not being asked why. If there is data, quote it: name the trend, then give figures with units at the points where it changes.

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