The enthalpy change of hydration, , is defined as the enthalpy change when one mole of gaseous ions dissolves in water to form an infinitely dilute solution.
(a) Describe how the charge and the radius of an ion each affect the value of .
(b) For the ionic compound , the lattice energy is and the enthalpy change of solution is . Describe an energy cycle that relates , , and the enthalpy changes of hydration of and ions. Use the cycle to explain why the enthalpy change of solution has a positive value.
(c) Predict, with a reason, whether for is more exothermic or less exothermic than that for .